Drug Allergy What You Need to Know to Stay Safe.
Addressing the Doubt! What Causes Drug Allergy? Essential Knowledge Before Taking Medication A “drug allergy“ occurs when the body’s immune system becomes overly sensitive to a particular drug, leading to the display of allergic symptoms. These symptoms can be varied, such as skin rashes, hepatitis (liver inflammation), and other manifestations that can affect any system in the body. The symptoms and severity of a drug allergy depend on several factors, which may include the patient’s individual characteristics or the type of drug itself. What are the Symptoms of a Drug Allergy? A “drug allergy” can manifest in various ways, including rashes, hives, chest tightness, constricted bronchi (airways), low blood pressure (hypotension), swelling of the lips, face, and tongue, etc. However, most people tend to notice skin symptoms first, as they are easier to observe. Severe drug allergies can be life-threatening and may lead to serious complications, such as skin detachment, which can result in severe infection. How Many Types of Drug Allergies Are There? Drug allergic reactions can be divided into two main types, based on the time it takes for the reaction to occur: Immediate Type: Symptoms appear within 1 hour after receiving the drug. Non-Immediate Type: Symptoms appear more than 1 hour after receiving the drug. Types of Drugs That Often Cause Allergic Reactions The drugs that commonly cause allergic reactions include the Penicillin and Cephalosporin groups of antibiotics, the anti-gout medication Allopurinol, and anti-seizure medications such as Carbamazepine and Phenobarbital. Additionally, other drugs can cause allergies, including the NSAIDs group of pain relievers, particularly Ibuprofen, and anti-tuberculosis medications. Groups at Risk of Drug Allergy The group at risk of drug allergy includes patients with certain underlying conditions, such as those with abnormal immune systems or autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), patients with leukemia, and patients infected with viruses like HIV. A key precaution for “drug allergy” is to monitor for symptoms within 1 hour after receiving the drug (to watch out for immediate-type reactions) and within 2-3 days after receiving the drug (to watch out for non-immediate-type reactions). If any abnormality occurs, such as a rash or hives, you should stop the medication and seek immediate medical attention. Importantly, most drug allergies are not genetic; it is not necessary that if parents have a drug allergy, their children will be allergic to the same drug. What Should I Do If I Experience a Drug Allergy? Stop the medication and seek medical attention immediately if you notice any abnormal symptoms within 1 hour or within 2-3 days after receiving the drug. Bring the medication you received with you for the doctor’s review. Take photos of the abnormality (such as the rash) for the doctor to review, as some rashes appear temporarily and then disappear. Avoid self-inducing vomiting and do not buy over-the-counter antihistamines to treat the reaction yourself. If you have a history of drug allergy, remember the name of the drug you are allergic to and inform the medical staff every time you receive treatment. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. Tel: 02-199-2107 to 111, ext. 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source: อ.พญ.วรรณดา ไล้สวน สาขาวิชาโรคภูมิแพ้อิมมูโนวิทยาและโรคข้อ ภาควิชาอายุรศาสตร์ คณะแพทยศาสตร์โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล THAI Health
YOYO EFFECT : Losing Weight Wrongly Leads to Weight Gain.
The Major Problem with Flawed Weight Loss Methods Many people attempt rapid weight loss through extreme dieting (such as severe calorie restriction), aggressive high-intensity methods (like extreme Keto), excessive exercise, or the use of unapproved supplements. While these approaches may cause weight to drop quickly, they often lead to an equally rapid and even greater weight regain later on. This dangerous phenomenon is known as the “Yo-Yo Effect,” a significant issue that not only affects physical appearance but also causes long-term health damage. Causes of the Yo-Yo Effect 1. Rapid and Unsustainable Weight Loss Metabolic Slowdown: When the body experiences a severe energy deficit, the metabolism slows down drastically—a process called Metabolic Adaptation—to conserve energy. Muscle Loss: Extreme diets often lead to the loss of muscle mass, which is the primary tissue responsible for burning calories. Less muscle means the body burns fewer calories overall. Weight Recoil: Weight drops quickly initially, but the body rebounds and regains weight fast once regular eating habits are resumed. 2. Hormones Governing Hunger and Satiety Leptin Drop: When weight is lost rapidly, Leptin (the hormone that signals fullness/satiety) decreases significantly. Ghrelin Increase: Simultaneously, Ghrelin (the hormone that stimulates hunger) increases. The Result: This hormonal imbalance causes intense cravings and a powerful drive to overeat, leading to consuming more calories than before the diet. 3. The Yo-Yo Behavioral Loop The pattern becomes a damaging cycle: Severe Diet → Weight Loss → Metabolism Slows Down → Overeating → Weight Gain (Beyond Starting Point). This loop repeats, conditioning the body to store fat more easily, making future weight loss efforts much harder. The Correct and Sustainable Way to Lose Weight 1. Focus on Gradual and Natural Weight Loss Set Realistic Goals: Aim to lose approximately 0.5 to 1 kilogram per week to allow your body and hormones to adjust naturally. Avoid Rapid Loss: Fast weight loss primarily leads to muscle and water loss, not just fat, which sabotages long-term success. 2. Balance Energy Appropriately Calculate TDEE: Determine your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), which is the total calories you burn per day. Calorie Deficit: Adjust your energy intake to be 300–500 kcal less than your TDEE per day. This creates a healthy deficit without triggering metabolic shutdown. 3. Emphasize Nutrient-Dense Foods High Protein: Helps maintain muscle mass and increases metabolism (e.g., fish, eggs, tofu). Complex Carbohydrates: Prevents rapid blood sugar spikes and helps curb cravings (e.g., brown rice, whole grains). Healthy Fats: Promotes satiety and keeps you feeling full longer (e.g., avocados, nuts, olive oil). 4. Engage in Appropriate Exercise Prioritize Weight Training: Resistance/Weight Training is crucial for preserving muscle mass and boosting your resting metabolic rate. Moderate Cardio: Include moderate-intensity Cardio (e.g., brisk walking, swimming, cycling) to burn fat without overstressing the body. 5. Build Sustainable Habits Mindful Eating: Practice paying attention to your hunger and fullness cues. Prioritize Sleep: Adequate sleep is essential, as poor sleep directly impacts key hunger hormones. Manage Stress: Chronic stress influences both eating behavior and fat storage patterns. Weight loss is not merely about the number on the scale; it is about establishing better health. Using flawed weight loss methods risks the “Yo-Yo Effect,” making it easier for the body to store fat and damaging long-term well-being. The best approach is sustainable weight management through adjusting eating habits, appropriate exercise, and fostering healthy lifestyle practices. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. Tel: 02-199-2107 to 111, ext. 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source: PREMKAMOL PATRAITHIKUL, MD. Golden Jubilee Medical Center
What are Carbs and Why Count Them?
Have you ever wondered what carbs are and why counting them is necessary? And how should you choose what to eat for the best health? What are Carbs? “Carb” is short for “Carbohydrate,” one of the essential macronutrients necessary for the body. It’s found abundantly in foods like rice and flour products, vegetables, fruits, milk, desserts, and sweetened beverages. We can categorize carbohydrates into two types: Good Quality Carbohydrates: Complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole grains, beans/legumes, and leafy green vegetables, which are high in fiber and help regulate blood sugar. Poor Quality Carbohydrates to Avoid: Simple carbohydrates such as sweets, table sugar, and white bread, which cause blood sugar levels to spike rapidly, leading to risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Why Count Carbs? When we consume carbohydrates, the body breaks them down into sugar to be used as energy. If this energy isn’t fully used, the excess sugar will be converted into fat and stored in the body, causing weight gain and increasing the risk of various Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Reducing or controlling carbohydrate intake (counting carbs) stimulates the body to use stored fat for energy, helping to keep weight within a normal range and promoting good health. Importantly, when blood sugar levels decrease, it reduces inflammation in the blood vessels, thus improving vascular health. Simple Ways to Choose Good Carbs Choose Good Carbs: “Good carbs are those that provide sustained energy and are high in dietary fiber, which helps slow down the absorption of sugar into the blood, reduces insulin spikes, and keeps you full longer.” Examples of Good Carbs (Complex Carbohydrates): Brown Rice: Contains up to three times more fiber than white rice. Quinoa: A plant-based protein source full of dietary fiber. Fresh Fruits: Such as apples and berries (choose whole fruit instead of juice). Leafy Green Vegetables: Such as broccoli and spinach, which add fiber to meals. Reduce Consumption of Poor Quality Carbs (Simple Carbohydrates): Examples of Carbs to Reduce: White Bread: Digested quickly and only provides short-term energy. Sweets and Soft Drinks: Add excess sugar and energy unnecessarily. Fast Foods: Such as French fries and crisps/snack foods. Control Carb Quantity Appropriately: Even good carbs can lead to weight gain if consumed in excess. Therefore, you should control the appropriate amount of carbs for each meal. To control carb quantity, we use the Harris–Benedict equation, which will be discussed in the next post. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. TEL.: 0-2199-2111 To 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source by : Department of Health ThaiHealth
What are the effects of high blood sugar?
People Who Love Sweets and Starch Should Be More Careful What you enjoy eating could put you at risk of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), which can lead to diabetes. What is High Blood Sugar? High blood sugar is a condition where the body has a blood sugar level exceeding 100 mg/dL. Normally, the human body needs sugar and transports it through the blood to various organs. Causes of High Blood Sugar Genetics: A family history of diabetes is a major factor. If your parents have diabetes, your risk of high blood sugar increases. Obesity: Having a body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered obese and increases the risk of diabetes. Lifestyle: Eating starchy, fatty, or high-sugar foods, and not exercising regularly, are behaviors that raise the risk of diabetes. What Happens to Your Body When Your Blood Sugar is High? Slightly elevated blood sugar may not show any symptoms. However, when blood sugar levels are very high, it starts to affect your body’s organs. If it remains high for a long time, it can cause organ damage. For example, diabetic nephropathy (diabetes affecting the kidneys) can require dialysis. Diabetic retinopathy (diabetes affecting the eyes) can cause blurry vision, loss of sight, or even blindness. Moreover, people with diabetes are more susceptible to heart disease and stroke. They may also experience numbness or a tingling, “pins and needles” sensation in their hands and feet. This is because blood vessels supplying parts of the body, especially the legs and feet, are not functioning well. This is why wounds heal slowly, which often leads to foot ulcers and, in severe cases, amputation for people with diabetes. How High is “High” for a Diabetes Diagnosis? The criteria for diagnosing diabetes is a fasting blood sugar level over 126 mg/dL. A level between 100-126 mg/dL is considered pre-diabetes. A normal blood sugar level should be no more than 100 mg/dL. In addition to the standard blood sugar test, there’s another test called HbA1c, which measures your average blood sugar level over the past three months. A normal HbA1c should be below 5.7%. A value between 5.7-6.5% indicates pre-diabetes, and anything above 6.5% is considered diabetes. This test helps guide you on how to lower your blood sugar and adjust your lifestyle. Four Common Symptoms of High Blood Sugar The symptoms of high blood sugar can sometimes be confused with common everyday feelings. Let’s see which symptoms are real signs of a problem. Symptom 1: Dry throat, frequent thirst When blood sugar is high, the body loses water through urination. You’ll urinate more often, leading to dehydration and frequent thirst. However, this is not always easy to distinguish from normal thirst. Symptom 2: Irritability and moodiness High blood sugar does not directly cause moodiness or irritability. However, when your body isn’t in a normal state, you might feel unwell and become easily frustrated. The feeling of happiness after eating sweets is likely because you enjoy the food, which boosts your mood. Symptom 3: Drowsiness High blood sugar doesn’t directly cause sleepiness. Instead, high blood sugar can make you feel fatigued, weak, and wanting to rest. Symptom 4: Frequent urination High blood sugar goes to the kidneys, causing them to excrete more urine. A simple sign to watch for is if you have to get up to use the bathroom 2-4 times a night. This could be a sign of diabetes. Most people only need to get up 1-2 times, and the total number of times you urinate per day depends on how much water you drink. Three Ways to Prevent High Blood Sugar You can prevent high blood sugar by changing your diet and lifestyle: Avoid simple sugars found in sodas, fruit juices, and sweets. Reduce carbohydrate intake, such as limiting the amount of rice you eat. Exercise regularly to prevent obesity. If you have high blood sugar and have been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s crucial to take your medication as prescribed and follow up with your doctor every 3-4 months. By making lifestyle changes and taking good care of your health, you have a good chance of controlling the disease. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. Tel: 02-199-2107 to 111, ext. 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source: Assistant Professor Sira Gopaisarn, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Thai Health Promotion Foundation
What is AIDS? Understanding HIV and Access to Treatment
What is AIDS? AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system. AIDS refers to a collection of symptoms and illnesses that appear when the immune system is severely damaged and can no longer fight off infections and diseases. How is HIV Transmitted? HIV can be transmitted through contact with the following bodily fluids: Blood Semen Vaginal fluids Breast milk The most common modes of transmission include: Unprotected sexual intercourse Sharing needles or syringes From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding Important Note: HIV is not spread through: Shaking hands Hugging Kissing Sneezing or coughing Sharing toilets, utensils, or other personal items Symptoms of AIDS Pneumonia Memory loss, depression, or neurological disorders Chronic diarrhea (more than one week) Extreme fatigue Recurrent fever Night sweats Rapid weight loss Skin rashes or lesions in the mouth, nose, and eyelids Sores around the lips, genitals, or anus Swollen lymph nodes (neck, armpits, groin) These symptoms may also be caused by conditions other than AIDS. The best way to know your HIV status is to get tested. Global HIV Statistics (2023) 39.9 million people living with HIV globally 1.3 million new HIV infections 630,000 deaths related to AIDS-related illnesses 1.4 million youth living with HIV What Are HIV Antiretroviral Medications? Antiretroviral (ARV) medications work by inhibiting the replication of HIV and protecting the immune system, particularly T-cells. When taken correctly, ARVs can reduce the risk of HIV infection by up to 99%. ARVs are categorized by their mechanism of action: NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors):Prevent the virus from converting RNA into DNA.Examples: Tenofovir (TDF), Emtricitabine (FTC) NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors):Block reverse transcriptase function.Examples: Efavirenz (EFV), Rilpivirine (RVP) INSTIs (Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors):Prevent viral DNA from integrating with the host DNA.Examples: Dolutegravir (DTG), Bictegravir (BIC) PIs (Protease Inhibitors):Prevent the virus from assembling new virus particles.Examples: Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) PrEP and PEP: Preventive HIV Medications PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) Taken daily before potential HIV exposure. Suitable for: Men who have sex with men People with HIV-positive partners Sex workers Individuals with multiple sexual partners IV drug users Individuals diagnosed with STIs in the past 6 months Nearly 100% effective when taken consistently at the same time every day. Patients must: Avoid sex for 2 weeks before starting Undergo HIV, liver, and kidney function tests Return for follow-up testing after 1 month and every 3 months PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) An emergency medication taken within 72 hours of possible HIV exposure. Taken for 28 consecutive days. Suitable for: Unprotected sex with someone possibly HIV-positive Victims of sexual assault Needle-sharing incidents Reduces the risk of infection by over 80% when taken promptly Patients must undergo: HIV, Hepatitis B, liver and kidney function tests Repeat HIV tests at 1 and 3 months after completion Before Taking HIV Medication If the exposure occurred more than 72 hours ago, PEP is not necessary — but an HIV test should be done after 14–21 days. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals must inform their doctor to receive a safe medication regimen. All HIV medication must be prescribed and monitored by a qualified doctor with regular blood tests to ensure safety and effectiveness. Where to Access ARV, PrEP, and PEP Public hospitals under national health coverage Private clinics or HIV specialty centers Community clinics or NGOs offering confidential services All medications must be prescribed by a physician and accompanied by risk assessment and HIV testing before initiation. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. TEL.: 0-2199-2111 To 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source by: pptvhd36 Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth)
Premarital Health Checkups: What Couples Should Know Before Starting a Life Together
Premarital Health Checkups: What Couples Should Know Before Starting a Life Together Getting a health checkup before marriage is often overlooked by many couples. However, it is a crucial step that not only builds mutual confidence in each other’s health but also lays a strong foundation for family planning and a healthy future. Why Get a Health Checkup Before Marriage? 1. Reduce the Risk of Inheritable Diseases Premarital health screening helps identify the risk of passing on genetic disorders such as thalassemia, hemophilia, or neurological and muscular conditions. If one partner carries a risk, early detection enables couples to make informed decisions about future family planning. 2. Detect Infections That Could Affect Both Partners and Future Children Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and HIV can have serious health implications. Early screening ensures effective treatment and prevents further transmission to the partner or future child. 3. Plan for Pregnancy If a couple plans to have children, checking reproductive health is important. This includes hormone and fertility assessments for both partners. Identifying issues like infertility early allows for timely treatment and planning. 4. Build Trust and Confidence Knowing each other’s health status fosters trust, reduces anxiety, and strengthens the emotional bond — a key factor in building a stable, long-lasting relationship. What’s Included in a Premarital Health Checkup? 1. Medical History & Physical Examination Doctors will ask about personal and family medical history, regular medications, lifestyle habits such as smoking or alcohol consumption. 2. Blood Tests Screening for genetic disorders like thalassemia Testing for hepatitis B and C STI tests including syphilis, gonorrhea, and HIV Blood sugar and cholesterol levels to assess risk for diabetes or cardiovascular diseases 3. Urine Test To detect sugar, protein, or blood cells which may indicate diabetes, kidney disease, or urinary tract infections. 4. Reproductive Health Evaluation For women: Pelvic examination, uterine and ovarian health, and STI testing For men: Semen analysis to assess sperm quality and fertility How to Prepare for the Checkup Fasting: Avoid food and drink for 8–12 hours before blood tests. Medications: Consult your doctor about whether to pause certain medications before the test. Avoid intense exercise: Strenuous activity before the test may affect some lab results, especially enzyme levels. Benefits of Premarital Health Checkups Prevent transmission of genetic diseases Understand each other’s health conditions Strengthen trust and emotional security Improve chances of effective family planning and healthy pregnancy Where to Get a Premarital Health Checkup Many hospitals now offer specialized premarital checkup programs for engaged couples including SEMed Living Care Hospital, which provides comprehensive screening packages to help couples plan a healthy and confident future together. A Smart Investment for a Healthy Future Premarital health checkups are an investment in your future. They not only prevent future health problems for both partners and children but also enhance emotional connection and long-term relationship stability. Couples preparing for marriage should consult with healthcare professionals and undergo testing together ensuring a strong, secure, and joyful life ahead. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. TEL.: 0-2199-2111 To 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital
Public Health Alert: Anthrax – A Severe Zoonotic Bacterial Disease
Anthrax Alert: A Deadly Bacterial Threat from Animals to Humans Anthrax, locally known in some areas as “Kali disease,” is an ancient and well-documented illness. It is recognized as a major epidemic in the Animal Epidemics Act of B.E. 2499 (1956) and is a highly dangerous infectious disease found in nearly all grazing animals—both wild, such as elephants, muntjacs, and deer, and domesticated, such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep. The disease can spread to humans and other animals including tigers, dogs, cats, and pigs. Outbreaks typically occur in areas with a history of previous anthrax cases. In humans, anthrax presents in three forms: cutaneous, inhalation (from breathing in spores), and gastrointestinal/oropharyngeal (from ingesting contaminated meat). Cause of the Disease Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, an aerobic, non-motile, spore-forming rod (1–1.25 x 3–5 nm) from the Bacillaceae family. Under the microscope using Gram stain, it appears as large square-ended Gram-positive rods either solitary or in short chains. When exposed to harsh environmental conditions, it forms highly resistant spores capable of surviving extreme heat, cold, and disinfectants for decades in soil or animal remains. Transmission In Humans:Most cases occur via skin contact, particularly among farmers, butchers, veterinarians, or anyone handling infected animals or their by-products. Unintentional exposure or poverty can also lead people to butcher and consume infected animals. The skin form arises when spores enter through cuts or abrasions. Inhalation anthrax occurs by breathing in spores attached to animal hair or wool from endemic areas—though this has not been reported in Thailand. Gastrointestinal and oropharyngeal anthrax result from consuming undercooked infected meat. Animals contract the disease by grazing in spore-contaminated fields or inhaling dust and spores during the early rainy season. Incubation Period In humans: 12 hours to 7 days; up to 60 days if exposed via bioterrorism. In animals: Often rapid, especially if exposed through both ingestion and inhalation simultaneously. Symptoms in Humans Cutaneous Anthrax:Begins as a small red bump (often on exposed skin like hands, arms, legs) that develops into a fluid-filled blister, then a black ulcer (eschar). Lymph nodes may swell, but the wound itself is often painless. If left untreated, new lesions may appear. Fatality rate without treatment: 5–20%. Gastrointestinal Anthrax:From consuming undercooked meat of infected animals. Within 12–24 hours, symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting—often mistaken for food poisoning. Without prompt treatment, ulcers may develop in intestinal lymph nodes, causing severe pain, internal bleeding, and death. Fatality rate: 50–60%. Note: Some cases involve chewing infected meat, leading to oropharyngeal anthrax with ulcers in the mouth or throat, swollen neck glands, and facial swelling. Inhalation Anthrax:Usually affects workers in industries involving animal hair, bone, or hides. Symptoms begin as flu-like, then progress rapidly to respiratory failure and death within 3–5 days. Fatality rate: 80–90%. Prevention Measures Avoid contact with infected or dead animals, especially in historically affected areas. Wear protective gear (gloves, masks, coveralls) when handling animals or carcasses. Clean hands and equipment thoroughly after contact with raw meat. Consume only certified, hygienically sourced meat products. Never eat raw or undercooked meat, especially from animals that died of unknown causes. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority. TEL.: 0-2199-2111 To 161 Marketing DepartmentOr 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE)Email: [email protected]: @semedFacebook: SEMed living care hospital Source by : department of disease control
Why is the Complete Blood Count (CBC) Important?
Why is the Complete Blood Count (CBC) Important? Blood is a fluid composed of blood cells suspended in plasma. Blood is red due to the large volume of red blood cells. Blood circulates throughout the body, acting as a medium between body cells, transporting oxygen and nutrients to various parts of the body, and carrying carbon dioxide for expulsion through the lungs and waste products for excretion by the kidneys. Additionally, blood is part of the body’s immune defense system and helps regulate body temperature. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a basic test used for routine annual check-ups and patient care. It measures the quantity and characteristics of all three types of blood cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. 1.Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Red blood cells are shaped like a donut, with a central biconcave depression but no hole. Inside the RBCs is a substance called hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for expulsion. The RBC examination is divided into four parts: 1.1 Hemoglobin (Hb) Level This measures the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. Since hemoglobin is inside the red blood cells, its level is directly related to the amount of RBCs and the packed red cell volume (Hematocrit). Males generally have higher Hb levels than females. Decreased Hb indicates anemia, which can result from many causes, such as blood loss, nutritional deficiencies (especially iron, vitamin B12, or folate), inherited blood disorders like thalassemia, or bone marrow diseases that reduce RBC production. A reduced Hb level requires a doctor’s consultation to find the cause and provide appropriate treatment. Increased Hb can be seen in cases of dehydration or polycythemia (thickening of the blood) due to chronic oxygen deprivation or abnormal bone marrow function. 1.2 Hematocrit (Hct) This measures the volume of red blood cells as a percentage of the total blood volume. It is directly related to the RBC count and the Hb level. The causes of low or high Hct are the same as those for abnormal Hb levels. 1.3 Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) This is the total number of red blood cells in the blood, which is directly counted by an automated blood analyzer. It is directly related to Hb and Hct levels. The causes of low or high RBC counts are the same as those for abnormal Hb levels. 1.4 Red Blood Cell Indices These measurements examine the size and hemoglobin content of the red blood cells: Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): This is the volume or size of the red blood cell. Common causes of decreased MCV (small RBCs) include iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Common causes of increased MCV (large RBCs) include vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): This is the average mass (quantity) of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It is directly related to MCV, and thus, its changes share similar causes. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): This is the average concentration of hemoglobin within each red blood cell. A decreased MCHC is related to low Hb and small RBC size, sharing similar causes. An increased MCHC may occur when the RBC volume is decreased due to a change in cell shape (losing the donut shape and becoming spherical), such as in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 2. White Blood Cells (WBCs) White blood cells are larger than RBCs. The normal WBC count is approximately 4,000–10,000 cells per microliter. The WBC count changes in relation to the body’s state of inflammation or infection. WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and their function is to destroy pathogens and foreign substances. They do this either by engulfing the pathogens directly or by producing antibodies (proteins that fight foreign invaders). Low WBC count, especially a low neutrophil count, increases the risk of infection. Common causes of low WBCs include drugs, chemicals, radiation, viruses, and bone marrow diseases (e.g., bone marrow failure, infection, or infiltration by cancer). High WBC count is commonly found as the body’s response to inflammation or infection. An increase can also be seen in leukemia (blood cancer), which can present with abnormally low to very high WBC levels. The different types of white blood cells have unique characteristics, and their increased quantity reflects the body’s response to different stimulating factors: 2.1 Neutrophil These are the most numerous WBCs (around 40–80% of the total). Their primary function is to respond to acute inflammation and bacterial infections. The body rapidly increases their number to directly engulf pathogens. Neutrophils also release substances that cause inflammation or infection, leading to a fever. 2.2 Lymphocyte These are small WBCs that produce antibodies against both viruses and bacteria. Their numbers increase during viral infections and certain types of leukemia. 2.3 Monocyte These are the largest WBCs. They destroy pathogens and foreign invaders and are more effective at engulfing bacteria than neutrophils. Their numbers often increase in response to viral infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and certain leukemias. 2.4 Eosinophil These are present in small amounts in the bloodstream. They respond to foreign substances that cause allergic reactions. Elevated levels are found in people with allergies, asthma, drug hypersensitivity, or parasitic infections. 2.5 Basophil These are the least numerous WBCs. They produce substances that prevent blood clotting and release compounds that help dilate blood vessels. 3. Platelet Platelets are fragments of blood cells, very small compared to RBCs and WBCs. Their main function is to prevent bleeding from blood vessels and help stop blood flow after an injury. The normal count is approximately 100,000 to 400,000 per microliter of blood. Platelets are produced by cells in the bone marrow. A low platelet count (Thrombocytopenia), especially below 50,000, causes prolonged and excessive bleeding after an injury. If the level drops below 20,000, bleeding can occur spontaneously without injury, particularly in mucosal areas (e.g., bleeding gums, nosebleeds) or in vital organs such as the gastrointestinal tract or the brain. Causes of low platelets include drugs, chemicals,
Foreign Worker Health Checkup Program
Foreign Worker Health Checkup Program for Work Permit Renewal Price: 500 THB บาท Health Checkup Items: General Physical Examination by a Doctor Chest X-Ray (Digital System) Urine Drug Screening (Methamphetamine) Syphilis and Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening (VDRL) Vital Signs Measurement (Blood Pressure, Pulse, Weight, Height, BMI) Medical Certificate The medical certificate will include details necessary for the work permit application or renewal, and will certify the following conditions: Leprosy Tuberculosis Drug Addiction Chronic Alcoholism Elephantiasis Syphilis Additional Instructions: No need to fast, but please avoid alcohol 24 hours before the test. Wear comfortable clothing for blood draw at the elbow or blood pressure measurement. Ensure proper rest and sleep. If you suspect pregnancy, please inform the staff before the examination. Test results will be available within 1 day. Semed Living Care Hospital is registered as a private hospital authorized to conduct health checks for foreign workers applying for work permits, as per the Cabinet resolution of September 24, 2024, in accordance with the Department of Employment regulations. The health check results are linked to the Department of Employment’s system. S 4587536 S 27566116 Additional inquiries SEMed Living Care Hospital Open and Close Mon – Sat Time : 08.00 – 17:00 02-199-2111 To 0 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon) 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE) Primary ส่งข้อความเพื่อจองแพ็คเกจนี้! ชื่อ* นามสกุล* เบอร์โทรศัพท์* อีเมล* This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. แชร์
Anemia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes, Simple Treatment, and Prevention
Anemia Overview Anemia is a significant public health issue in Thailand. The Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, reported that 31.2% of pregnant women suffer from anemia, and among women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who were screened while not pregnant, 37.0% were found to have anemia. Causes of Anemia The most common cause is iron deficiency, a vital component for the body’s production of red blood cells. Insufficient Iron Intake This occurs when the diet lacks enough iron to meet the body’s needs. Low consumption of iron-rich foods such as meat, offal (internal organs), milk, and eggs. The iron in these animal sources is more easily absorbed by the intestines than iron found in plants. Poor appetite due to chronic illness (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, AIDS) or in the elderly who eat little or an unbalanced diet. Strict vegetarian, raw food (chew-jit), or macrobiotic diets that are not nutritionally balanced. Although vegetables contain iron, it is poorly absorbed, especially when consumed with rice, which contains phytates that inhibit iron absorption. Increased demand for iron: Infants during their first two years, adolescents during their growth spurt, and pregnant women (who need increased iron for fetal development) are prone to anemia if their iron intake is insufficient. Loss of Iron Through Blood Loss Iron is lost from the body when there is significant or chronic bleeding: Heavy menstrual bleeding (common in adolescent and reproductive-age women). Blood loss due to miscarriage or childbirth. Gastrointestinal bleeding (resulting in black stools), often from the use of pain relievers for arthritis or other causes. Chronic bleeding from conditions like hemorrhoids (fresh blood in stool) or hookworm infection. Symptoms Mild Anemia: Often, there are no distinct symptoms, or if the anemia develops gradually, the patient may not notice any abnormality. Severe or Acute Anemia (e.g., from hemorrhage): Symptoms often include fatigue, easy exhaustion, dizziness, lightheadedness, loss of appetite. If severe, it may be accompanied by palpitations (heart fluttering or pounding). Obvious Anemia: Characterized by pale complexion, pale palms, pale nails, and pallor of the conjunctiva (inner eyelid lining), lips, and tongue. Other Causes of Anemia (Beyond Iron Deficiency) Anemia is a symptom of an underlying disease and can have various causes: Nutritional or Protein Deficiency: Protein is essential, along with iron, for red blood cell formation. Patients may also show signs of malnutrition, such as emaciation, swollen feet (edema), or reddish hair. Thalassemia: A hereditary blood disorder that causes the body to produce abnormal red blood cells that break down easily, leading to chronic pallor and jaundice from childhood, facial changes, and an enlarged spleen (a palpable mass under the left rib cage). It is prevalent in people from the Northeastern and Northern regions of Thailand. Aplastic Anemia or Leukemia (Blood Cancer): Patients typically show pallor, often with fever, small red spots (petechiae) or bruises on the skin, and bleeding in various areas (e.g., nosebleeds, bleeding gums). Chronic Kidney Failure: Patients are often pale and fatigued, accompanied by nausea and swollen feet. They usually have a prior history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease. Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis: Doctors often diagnose based on the patient’s history and the detection of pallor (pale skin and mucous membranes throughout the body), in the absence of other abnormalities like fever, jaundice, petechiae, bruising, enlarged liver/spleen, edema, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Lab Tests: In uncertain cases or when other diseases are suspected, a doctor may order blood tests, which typically show a hemoglobin level below 12 g/dL. Other specialized tests may include stool and urine analysis, X-rays, bone marrow biopsy, or endoscopy of the stomach or large intestine. Self-Care If you feel fatigued, easily exhausted, and notice pallor (pale face, eyelids, and lips) without fever, jaundice, petechiae, bruising, swelling, chronic diseases, or a history of chronic pallor since childhood (Thalassemia), you may begin initial treatment by taking iron supplements (e.g., Ferrous Fumarate), 1-2 tablets after meals, 2-3 times a day. (Note: This medication may cause black stool due to the iron content, which is normal. However, if you had black stool before taking the medicine and did not consume pork blood or liver, suspect potential stomach bleeding, especially if you have a history of taking pain relievers for arthritis. If in doubt, see a doctor immediately.) If you feel stronger and your complexion improves after 7-10 days of taking the medicine, it indicates the treatment is working. You should continue taking 1-2 tablets daily for another 3-6 months. Treatment Once anemia caused by iron deficiency is confirmed, the doctor will prescribe iron supplements (such as Ferrous Fumarate). If an underlying cause or condition is found, it will be treated simultaneously, such as deworming medication for hookworms, medication for stomach ulcers, treatment for hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, or AIDS. Prevention Anemia can be prevented by consuming foods rich in iron, such as meat, pork liver, beef liver, pork blood, kidney, milk, and eggs. This is especially important for pregnant women, infants, and adolescents. Individuals on vegetarian, raw food, or macrobiotic diets, or the elderly who consume little meat and milk, should have their blood checked for anemia. If found, they should take regular iron supplements. Women of reproductive age (15-45 years) who experience pallor due to iron loss from menstrual bleeding should take 2-3 iron supplement tablets daily during their menstrual period for about one week each month. Anemia is found in people of all ages, particularly young children, adolescents, women of reproductive age, pregnant women, and the elderly. It is most common in rural, low-income populations, those with malnutrition, and those following nutritionally unbalanced vegetarian or macrobiotic diets. We are committed to providing academic and professional health information support to workplaces, covering a wide range of topics in general health and occupational medicine. Our team offers expert health consultations, delivering caring, prompt, and efficient services to ensure customer satisfaction and maximum benefit. Whenever it’s time for a health check-up, think of SEMed Living Care Hospital. We never stop improving because your long-term health is our priority.
