Liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and a leading cause of death worldwide, especially in Asia and Thailand. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying the body, producing proteins, and regulating metabolism. Understanding liver cancer can help raise awareness and encourage better liver care.
What is Liver Cancer?
Liver cancer occurs when liver cells grow abnormally. It is divided into two main types
1. Primary Liver Cancer
- Originates in the liver cells themselves. The most common type is Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
2. Secondary Liver Cancer
- Starts in other organs, like the colon, breast, or lungs, and spreads to the liver.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Hepatitis Virus Infections
- Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are major risk factors. Chronic infections can lead to liver inflammation and cirrhosis.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- Long-term alcohol use is a key cause of cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer.
- Fatty Liver and Obesity
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of liver cancer.
- Exposure to Toxins
- Such as aflatoxin, a substance found in poorly stored grains or nuts.
- Diabetes and High Blood Pressure
- Both conditions are associated with metabolic syndrome, which affects liver health.
Symptoms of Liver Cancer
1. Early Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal bloating or discomfort in the upper right side
2. Advanced Symptoms:
- Pain in the upper right abdomen
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Swelling in the abdomen due to fluid build-up (ascites)
- Detectable lump in the liver area
If you notice these symptoms, see a doctor promptly for further examination.
Diagnosis
- Blood Tests:
- Measures Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), often elevated in liver cancer patients.
- Ultrasound:
- To detect abnormalities or tumors in the liver.
- Advanced Imaging:
- CT scans or MRIs provide detailed images of the liver.
- Biopsy:
- A tissue sample is taken from the liver to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for Liver Cancer
Treatment depends on the cancer stage, overall health, and liver function. Common treatments include:
- Surgery:
- Suitable for early-stage patients with no spread of the cancer.
- Liver Transplant:
- Recommended for patients with cirrhosis who cannot undergo surgery.
- Localized Treatments:
- Techniques like Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) or Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) target cancer cells directly.
- Medication:
- Includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy to slow or stop cancer growth.
- Palliative Care:
- Focuses on symptom relief and improving quality of life for advanced-stage patients.
Preventing Liver Cancer
- Prevent Hepatitis Infections:
- Get vaccinated for Hepatitis B.
- Avoid sharing needles and practice safe sex.
- Limit Alcohol Consumption:
- If you drink, do so in moderation.
- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:
- Eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly to avoid obesity.
- Avoid Toxins in Food:
- Store grains and nuts properly to prevent mold contamination.
- Regular Health Check-ups:
- Especially for those with risk factors like hepatitis or fatty liver disease.
Liver cancer is a serious disease, but early detection and treatment can improve outcomes. By understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and prevention strategies, you can take proactive steps to protect your liver and overall health. Start taking care of your body today to reduce the risks and enjoy a healthier future.
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