Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through the respiratory system—by talking, coughing, or sneezing without covering the mouth, causing the bacteria to become airborne. Individuals who inhale TB bacteria into their lungs may become infected and develop TB. However, not everyone who becomes infected will develop the disease, as the body has several mechanisms to fight and prevent TB. Only about 10% of those infected with TB bacteria will actually develop the disease.
Key Symptoms:
- Persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
- Dry cough, cough with phlegm, or phlegm mixed with blood
- Chest pain and shortness of breath
- Low-grade fever, especially in the afternoon or evening
- Loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue
- Abnormal night sweats
Important Risk Factors for Developing Pulmonary TB:
- Living with someone who has untreated TB, such as sharing the same household or workplace
- HIV infection
- Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, liver disease, or kidney disease
- Long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids
- Living or working in environments where air conditioning is used constantly or in places with poor ventilation
- Smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use
- Working in healthcare or caring for TB patients
How to Determine if You Have Pulmonary TB:
- Sputum Examination with a Microscope: This method can definitively diagnose pulmonary TB, as TB bacteria can be seen in the sputum.
- Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray alone may not definitively diagnose pulmonary TB; sputum testing is also required.
- TB Culture: In cases where TB is suspected but the bacteria are not detected in the sputum, a TB culture may be necessary.
Prevention:
- Regular health check-ups, including a chest X-ray, at least once a year
- Administering the BCG vaccine to newborns at hospitals or nearby healthcare facilities
- If TB is suspected, promptly seek medical evaluation
- Maintain good health by exercising regularly and eating nutritious food
- Avoid risky behaviors that could lead to HIV infection, which weakens the immune system and increases the risk of developing TB
- Avoid crowded places
- Young children and the elderly should avoid close contact with TB patients
- If there is a TB patient in the household, ensure they take their medication regularly and complete the full course of treatment as prescribed
Source by : DEPARTMENT OF DESEASE CONTROL
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