Diseases during Rainy Season

The Rain Can Affect More Than Just Your Mood Aside from being cautious of your emotions, the high humidity and dropping temperatures during the rainy season can also lead to several diseases. Each year, hundreds of thousands of people become ill. What diseases should you be aware of? Find out here. Acute Diarrhea This is a common group of gastrointestinal infections, often caused by consuming food contaminated with microorganisms that affect the intestines. This includes diseases like dysentery, typhoid, and food poisoning. Symptoms: Diarrhea with watery stools, possible fever, abdominal cramps, and in cases of dysentery, mucus or blood may be present in the stool. Recommendation: Eat hot food, use shared utensils with caution, and wash hands frequently. Influenza This is a common respiratory disease group, and currently, there are outbreaks of the new H3N2 influenza strain and avian flu, which originates from poultry. These viruses can mix with human influenza strains during the rainy season. Symptoms: High fever, muscle aches, runny nose, and cough. Complications, particularly pneumonia, are common in high-risk patients. Recommendation: Use a mask, and wash hands frequently. Leptospirosis (Rat Fever) This infectious disease group is contracted through skin wounds or mucous membranes, commonly found in dogs or farm animals like pigs, cows, and buffaloes, as well as rodents. Those at risk include farmers, farm workers, freshwater fishermen, sewer workers, and those who wade through floodwaters. Symptoms: Sudden high fever, headache, severe muscle pain in the calves and thighs, and red eyes. About 5-10% of cases may progress to severe symptoms, such as jaundice, kidney failure, or shock. Recommendation: Avoid wading in standing water, and wear boots. Dengue Fever This mosquito-borne disease is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with over 80% found indoors, breeding in stagnant water. Other mosquito-related diseases to watch for include Japanese encephalitis and malaria. Symptoms: In the early stages, symptoms resemble a general viral infection, with fever and body aches. There may be severe bone pain, with fever lasting 2-7 days, followed by abnormal bleeding, cold hands and feet, or shock. Recommendation: Apply mosquito repellent, stay away from mosquito-prone areas, and eliminate breeding grounds. Additionally, if dirty water splashes into your eyes, it can cause conjunctivitis or pink eye. Prolonged exposure to dirty water can lead to fungal infections like athlete’s foot. See a Doctor Immediately if You Have Suspicious Symptoms As the rain begins and illness sets in, it’s best to consult a doctor before taking fever-reducing medications. Avoid aspirin, as it can be dangerous for certain diseases like dengue fever, influenza, and leptospirosis, which can be life-threatening.   Source: Thai Health Promotion Foundation    แชร์

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (ฺBPPV)

Vertigo from Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) Vertigo vs. Dizziness Vertigo: The sensation that either oneself or the environment is spinning. Dizziness: A feeling of lightheadedness or unsteadiness, without the sensation of spinning. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) BPPV is the most common cause of dizziness in patients with ear-related issues. Patients often experience sudden episodes of vertigo, which are triggered by certain head movements or positions. It can occur at any age but is more common in older adults and is found more frequently in women than men (2:1 ratio). Symptoms of BPPV: Sudden episodes of vertigo, usually lasting less than 1 minute, though dizziness may persist afterward. Symptoms are often triggered by specific movements, such as getting out of bed or lying back to have hair washed. Hearing is usually normal unless there is a pre-existing hearing impairment. No other central nervous system abnormalities are present, such as limb weakness, facial drooping, or loss of consciousness. Causes of BPPV: Most cases occur without a known cause. Potential contributing factors include head trauma, certain ear diseases, or ear surgery. Other factors suggested by research that may contribute include hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, and sleep apnea. Treatment of BPPV: Some patients may recover without treatment. Physical therapy is the primary treatment, with approximately 80% of patients improving after the first session. There is no specific medication for BPPV, but doctors may prescribe temporary medications to alleviate dizziness. Prognosis and Self-Care: Patients can usually resume normal activities after treatment. Follow-up appointments are typically scheduled about one month after treatment. There is a 15-20% chance of recurrence each year. Since the exact cause is unknown, there is currently no way to prevent BPPV.   Source by : Dr. VEERUT CHAYOPASAKUL (otolaryngology) , Golden Jubilee Medical Center แชร์

Plantar fasciitis

Foot Pain with Your First Step in the Morning? Plantar Fasciitis! Inflammation of the Plantar Fascia! Many people have experienced this situation at some point. The plantar fascia is a thin band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the front of the foot. Plantar Fasciitis occurs due to the degeneration and stiffness of the plantar fascia. Simply put, the fascia loses its flexibility. When walking and putting weight on the foot, small tears occur repeatedly (repetitive trauma) every day. This reduces the strength of the fascia and leads to inflammation. Symptoms: The pain is often felt in the heel with the first step after getting out of bed or after sitting for a long time. The pain usually decreases with continued walking, with the first step being the most painful. Pain can also be felt along the inside of the foot in the area of the plantar fascia and can be associated with Achilles tendonitis. Risk Factors: Middle age (40-60 years) Overweight Prolonged standing or walking History of wearing high heels, hard-soled shoes, or walking barefoot at home Tight calf muscles, tight Achilles tendons, flat feet Initial Treatments: Consult a rehabilitation physician for advice, to identify causes, and to avoid and correct risk factors. For example, wearing shoes at home to reduce impact and prevent direct contact with hard floors. Use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) if there are no contraindications. Stretching the plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, and calf muscles is crucial for lasting recovery. Emphasize stretching before taking the first step in the morning or after prolonged sitting. Stretching should not be painful, only a gentle pulling sensation. Shockwave therapy administered by a rehabilitation physician can stimulate micro-injuries to promote the body’s natural healing processes. Use medial arch supports to reduce pressure on the heel. Steroid injections are less popular nowadays due to the pain during injection and the long recovery time. Source : Golden Jubilee Medical Center แชร์

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a condition where the cornea or lens of the eye is unevenly curved, resulting in blurred vision at both near and far distances, even when wearing appropriate glasses. Currently, advanced eye measurement technology allows for accurate detection and correction of astigmatism. One common misconception about vision abnormalities is that sleeping on one’s side causes astigmatism. However, eye care specialists confirm that sleeping on your side does not directly cause astigmatism. The main causes of astigmatism include: Genetics: Individuals with family members who have astigmatism are at higher risk of developing the condition. Irregularities in the cornea or lens: Uneven curvature or thickness in different areas. Other conditions: Such as cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetes. Currently, there is no research that confirms a link between sleeping on one’s side and astigmatism. Therefore, side sleeping is not a cause of astigmatism. The effects of astigmatism include blurry or distorted vision, eye strain, headaches, and difficulty seeing clearly, especially at night, which can be dangerous for driving. Appropriate Sleeping Positions for Eye Health Although side sleeping does not affect astigmatism, proper sleeping positions can impact eye health, especially for those who wear contact lenses: Sleeping on your back: This position is beneficial for eye and facial health as it does not put pressure on the eyes, promotes good blood circulation, and prevents wrinkles. Side sleeping: Alternating sides is recommended to avoid prolonged pressure on one eye. Avoid sleeping on your arm as it may restrict blood flow. It is best to avoid sleeping on your stomach, as this position can put pressure on the eyes, face, and neck. Eye Health Care Tips Get regular eye exams at least twice a year. Take regular breaks from activities that strain your eyes, especially when staring at screens. Eat foods beneficial for eye health, such as fruits and vegetables. Avoid touching your eyes with unclean hands. Wear sunglasses when outdoors. In conclusion, side sleeping does not cause astigmatism. Astigmatism results from genetics, irregularities in the cornea or lens, and other conditions. Contact lens wearers should choose appropriate sleeping positions to avoid eye irritation and maintain regular eye care for clear vision. Source: Thai Health Promotion Foundation  แชร์

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition where bone density decreases, making bones weak and more prone to fractures. This disease is commonly found in the elderly, especially in women after menopause. Although it has no clear symptoms in its early stages, early detection and treatment can help reduce risks and impacts. Causes and Risk Factors Osteoporosis occurs when bone loss happens faster than the body can create new bone. Significant risk factors include: Age: Bone density decreases with age. Gender: Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. Hormones: Decrease in estrogen in women and testosterone in men. Calcium Deficiency: Insufficient calcium intake weakens bones. Family History: If family members have osteoporosis, the likelihood of developing the disease is higher. Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D. Symptoms of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis usually has no clear symptoms in its early stages, but as the disease progresses, symptoms may include: Back pain from a fractured or collapsed vertebra. Loss of height over time due to vertebral compression. Bones that break more easily than expected, particularly in the hip, wrist, or spine. Diagnosis Osteoporosis can be diagnosed through a Bone Mineral Density Test (DXA scan), which is painless and quick. Prevention and Treatment While osteoporosis cannot be cured, it can be prevented and managed through: Diet: Consume foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as milk, salmon, leafy greens, and eggs. Exercise: Engage in low-impact exercises like walking, running, or weight training to strengthen bones. Lifestyle Changes: Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Medication: Use medications that increase bone density as prescribed by a doctor. Conclusion Osteoporosis requires ongoing attention and care. Early prevention and treatment can help reduce the risk of fractures and improve quality of life. If you are at risk or concerned about osteoporosis, consult a doctor for appropriate advice and care. แชร์

Annual Health Check-up

  Benefits of Annual Health Check-Ups In today’s world, various factors contribute to health risks, including environmental pollution, dust, chemical contaminants, stress, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, genetics, and aging. These factors can cause illnesses and severe diseases. Annual health check-ups are crucial for understanding your body’s condition, identifying abnormalities or risks before symptoms appear, or before diseases progress to harder-to-treat stages. Preparation for Annual Health Check-Ups Get Enough Rest: Ensure at least 6-8 hours of sleep before the check-up, as it affects blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid Food and Drinks: For blood sugar tests: Avoid food and drinks for at least 8 hours (sipping water is allowed). For lipid profile tests: Avoid food and drinks for at least 12 hours (sipping water is allowed). Avoid alcoholic beverages for at least 24 hours before the check-up. Avoid energy drinks, tea, coffee, and smoking before the check-up, as they can affect blood pressure readings. Prepare Health Information: Inform your doctor of any illnesses, exposure to hazardous chemicals, abnormalities, chronic conditions, or other health histories. Bring previous health check-up results or medical records for the doctor’s reference. Notify if Pregnant: If you are pregnant or suspect pregnancy, inform the staff before the check-up. Some tests may affect pregnancy, such as chest X-rays, muscle function tests, or lung function tests. Wear Comfortable Clothing: Wear comfortable, non-restrictive clothing. For blood pressure measurement or blood tests, wear clothing that allows easy access to your arms. For chest X-rays, women should avoid wearing underwire bras to prevent interference with the imaging. For More Information: Tel 0-2199-2111 To 161 Department market Or 081-358-6493 (Mr.Aon), 086-368-5317 (Mr.ICE) Email : [email protected] Line : @semed Facebook : SEMed living care hospital แชร์

MERS VIRUS

The disease is caused by the Marburg virus, which belongs to the Filoviridae family, the same family as the Ebola virus. Outbreaks have been reported in several African countries, including Uganda, Zimbabwe, Congo, Kenya, Angola, and South Africa. Reservoir animals in the area include fruit bats and monkeys, which can transmit the virus to humans. Recently, an outbreak was reported in Equatorial Guinea in West Africa in February 2023. Thailand classifies Marburg virus infection as one of the 13 dangerous communicable diseases under the Communicable Diseases Act, B.E. 2558 (2015). The Marburg virus is categorized in Risk Group 4 (high-risk pathogens). Symptoms of the Disease The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days, with a mortality rate of 24-88%. Initial symptoms include: High fever Fatigue Chills Muscle pain Headache Severe Symptoms (observed on days 5-10) Rash on the neck, back, and abdomen Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea Hemorrhaging throughout the body Organ failure Transmission of the Disease Animal-to-Human Transmission Bat feces Contact with bodily fluids Human-to-Human Transmission Contact with blood, bodily fluids, and tissues from infected individuals or deceased persons Contact with contaminated objects Virus entry through mucous membranes such as eyes, nose, mouth, and skin lesions Diagnosis Detection of viral genetic material by RT-PCR Detection of antigens by ELISA in blood, serum, or organ samples Treatment There is no specific treatment. Severe cases require close monitoring and adequate fluid replacement. Preventive Measures There is no vaccine or specific treatment for both Ebola and Marburg viruses. Sexual activity should be avoided for 3 months post-illness or until the virus is no longer detected in semen. Source of Information High-Risk Pathogen Operations and Immunology Division Institute of Public Health Sciences Research Department of Medical Sciences Infectious Disease Society of Thailand แชร์

Dust PM 2.5

What is PM2.5? PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. These tiny particles include dust, soot, dirt, smoke, and liquid droplets. Due to their small size—about 1/25th the width of a human hair—they can remain suspended in the air for extended periods and be easily inhaled into the respiratory system. Once inhaled, PM2.5 particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, potentially causing various health problems. What is PM2.5 and Where Does It Come From? PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or smaller in diameter. These particles include dust, soot, dirt, smoke, and liquid droplets. Due to their tiny size—about 1/25th the width of a human hair—they can remain airborne for long periods and penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream when inhaled, causing various health issues. Common Human-Made Sources of PM2.5: Traffic Emissions: Vehicles produce PM2.5 through exhaust fumes. Industrial Processes: Factories and industrial activities release PM2.5 into the air. Building Construction: Construction activities generate dust and particulate matter. Open Burning and Grilling: Activities like burning waste or grilling food release PM2.5. Smoking: Cigarette smoke contributes to PM2.5 levels. Environmental Conditions for PM2.5 Accumulation Cold and dry air, high atmospheric pressure, calm weather, and still winds contribute to the accumulation of PM2.5 in the air, making it more persistent and less likely to disperse. Health Effects of PM2.5 Short-Term Effects: Coughing and Sneezing Skin Irritation: Rash and itching Eye Irritation: Burning, redness Long-Term Effects: Cardiovascular System: Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) Increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest Heart attacks Stroke Hypertension (high blood pressure) Respiratory System: Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Increased respiratory infections Lung Cancer Diabetes Reproductive Health: Increased risk of miscarriage Premature birth Developmental and neurological effects on fetuses Vulnerable Populations Children: Higher respiratory rates and developing lungs make them more susceptible. Elderly: Age-related decline in respiratory function increases vulnerability. Pregnant Women: Developing organs of the fetus can be affected by PM2.5 exposure. Individuals with Pre-existing Conditions: PM2.5 can exacerbate conditions like allergies, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Outdoor Workers: Traffic police, street cleaners, street vendors, and motorcycle taxi drivers are exposed to PM2.5 for prolonged periods, leading to long-term health issues. Protecting Yourself from PM2.5 Monitor Air Quality: Stay informed about air quality levels through various channels. Watch for Symptoms: If you experience symptoms like coughing, chest tightness, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting, seek medical advice immediately. Reduce Activities that Generate PM2.5: Avoid activities like burning incense, grilling, burning leaves, or trash. Seal Your Home: Keep doors and windows closed, and use fans or air conditioners to circulate indoor air. Limit Outdoor Activities: Avoid outdoor activities when PM2.5 levels are high. If necessary, wear a dust mask and shower and change clothes upon returning home.   Information Source: Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health แชร์

Influenza

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection Characteristics Acute respiratory viral infections, notably influenza, exhibit sudden high fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Influenza is a major infectious disease, causing global pandemics with widespread outbreaks across almost every continent, resulting in millions of illnesses and deaths. Transmission Influenza viruses spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the nose or mouth. Dense populations, like in schools or factories, facilitate rapid transmission. Incubation Period The incubation period for influenza is about 1-3 days. Symptoms Symptoms begin 1-3 days after exposure and include high fever, runny nose, headache, chills, muscle aches, and severe fatigue. Additional symptoms may include nasal congestion and sore throat. Prolonged illness may lead to bronchitis and persistent cough. The disease is more severe and lasts longer than a common cold, typically resolving in 5-7 days, but severe cases can lead to complications like pneumonia or encephalitis, which can be fatal. High-risk groups include: Individuals aged 65 and older Children under 2 years old People with chronic diseases (lung, heart, kidney, diabetes, immunodeficiency) Obese individuals Pregnant women in their second or third trimester during influenza season Treatment Most cases are treated symptomatically. If influenza is suspected, consult a physician. Prevention Avoid contact with infected individuals. Wash hands frequently. Wear a mask when ill. Avoid crowded places. Vaccination Flu vaccination is crucial, especially for high-risk groups, to prevent severe complications. Who Should Receive the Flu Vaccine Children aged 6 months to 2 years Pregnant women (from 4 months gestation) Elderly (65 years and older) Individuals with chronic diseases (COPD, asthma, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, diabetes, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy) Individuals with brain disabilities who cannot care for themselves People with compromised immune systems, thalassemia patients, and symptomatic HIV patients Obese individuals (weight over 100 kg or BMI > 35) Healthcare workers exposed to influenza When to Get Vaccinated The flu vaccine can be administered year-round but is best given before the rainy season (May) and winter (October) due to the onset of outbreaks. Pregnant women are at a higher risk and should receive one flu shot from 4 months gestation to provide immunity for themselves and their unborn child. Vaccine Dosage Individuals aged 9 years and older: 1 dose Children under 9 years old who have never received a flu vaccine: 2 doses in the first year (4 weeks apart), then 1 dose annually thereafter. Contraindications for Flu Vaccination Severe allergy to egg protein Severe allergic reaction to a previous flu vaccine or its components Current acute illness or fever Recently recovered from acute illness (within 7 days) Recent hospital discharge (within 14 days) Uncontrolled chronic diseases (e.g., chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath) High-risk pregnancy complications (e.g., toxic goiter, pre-eclampsia) Severe Allergic Reactions Severe reactions include difficulty breathing, hoarseness, hives, pallor, weakness, rapid heartbeat, or dizziness.   Information Source : Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health แชร์

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke, also known as “sunstroke,” is a condition where the body cannot regulate its internal temperature due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. This causes the body temperature to rise continuously. When the body temperature increases due to exposure to hot weather, such as during intense physical activities or being in the heat for extended periods, the body fails to cool down, leading to abnormal symptoms like headache, dizziness, restlessness, confusion, seizures, unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and shortness of breath. The skin may also turn red. Key Signs of Heat Stroke A significant sign of heat stroke is the absence of sweating despite hot weather, along with a continuously rising body temperature. Symptoms include intense thirst, dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea, rapid breathing, and vomiting. Unlike heat exhaustion, where sweating is common, heat stroke involves a lack of sweat. Immediate rest is necessary if these symptoms occur. Individuals at Risk of Heat Stroke During Summer Elderly individuals Children under 5 years old People with insufficient rest Heavy alcohol drinkers Workers in hot and humid environments Individuals with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease People engaging in outdoor activities, such as athletes and soldiers, without adequate preparation for the heat First Aid for Heat Stroke When encountering someone suffering from heat stroke, provide first aid by moving them to a shaded area. Have the person lie down with their legs elevated, loosen their clothing, and use a cool, damp cloth to wipe their body and head. Use a fan to help lower the body temperature quickly. Avoid covering the body with a wet cloth as it may hinder the evaporation process. If the person does not regain consciousness, seek immediate medical assistance by calling emergency services at 1669. Preventing Heat Stroke If you start to feel very hot due to outdoor activities or work, take a break from the activity to cool down. Use a fan, drink cold water, and wipe your face and body with a cool cloth to help dissipate heat from your body. It’s essential to sip water frequently, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Additionally, wear light-colored, thin, and breathable clothing, and avoid consuming alcohol as it raises body temperature. Special care should be given to young children and the elderly by ensuring they stay in well-ventilated areas.   Information Source:  The Thai Health Promotion Foundation and the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health แชร์