Trigger Finger
Trigger finger is a condition that arises from repetitive or prolonged gripping and bending of the fingers, causing excessive pressure between the tendons and the tendon sheath in the palm. This results in thickening of both, leading to restricted movement. It’s commonly seen in older adults who frequently use their hands for tasks such as carrying heavy objects or wringing clothes. Additionally, people with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis are at a higher risk.
Thankfully, trigger finger is both preventable and treatable with the right care.
*** Women are 2-6 times more likely to develop trigger finger than men, particularly those aged 50-60. Diabetics are 4 times more likely to experience it, with around 4% of cases affecting more than one finger.
Symptoms
The condition causes fingers to become stuck in a bent position, making it difficult to straighten them. This can occur in any finger, and multiple fingers may be affected simultaneously. The thumb is most commonly affected, followed by the ring, middle, pinky, and index fingers. Symptoms are often worse in the morning, with pain and stiffness when first moving the fingers. As the fingers are moved throughout the day, the symptoms may gradually improve.
Trigger finger can be classified into four levels of severity:
- Stage 1: Pain and tenderness in the palm at the tendon sheath, with occasional catching when bending the finger, though physical examination may not detect it.
- Stage 2: Catching is detected when bending or straightening the finger, but the finger can still extend fully without assistance.
- Stage 3: The finger locks, requiring help from the other hand to straighten or bend it.
- Stage 4: The finger is locked and cannot be fully extended.
Preventing Trigger Finger
- Avoid prolonged activities that involve bending or straining the wrist or gripping tightly. Take breaks every 15-25 minutes when performing tasks that involve frequent hand use.
- Use proper hand techniques, such as writing with a large, smooth-flowing pen to reduce finger strain.
- For computer use, consider using a mouse pad with wrist support and keep your wrist level with or slightly below your elbow when typing.
- Regularly stretch and relax your hands and wrists with appropriate exercises.
Source: Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth)
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